Centrifugal casting-machine.



G. C. CLARK. 'CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE.

APPLCATW Patented API'.16,1918.

'5 sums-sun I."

WITNESSES Big LQO ATTORNEYS e. c. CLARK. CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 2. I917.

5 SHEETS-SHEEI 2.

WITNESSES IWE/VTOR aaazm I Br ATTORNEYS Patented Apr. 16, 1918..

G. C. CLARK.

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 2. 1917.

Patented Apr. 16, 1918..

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

m m n W G. C. CLARK.

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE.

Patented Apr. 16, 1 918.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 2. 1917.

W/T/VE88E8/ G. C. CLARK.

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- 2, I91 7- 1,263,208., Patented Apr. 16, 19I&

5 SHEETSSHEET 5- MW 7 R G. 0.6%

ATTORNEYS WITNESSES A2 44, %VZE/;

GEORGE O. CLARK, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR T0 GEORGE O. CLARK METAL LAST ('20., OF MISHAWAKA, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA.

CENTRIFUfG-AL CASTING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented Apr. 16, 1918.

Application filed October 2. 1917. Serial No. 194,384.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE C. CLARK, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan. have invented a new and Improved Centrifugal Casting-Machine, of which the following is 'a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved centrifugal casting machine arranged to effectively compact the grains of copper or other metal used with a view to increase the density and cohesion of the grains and thus produce cast rings of high tensile strength. Another object is to allow of rotating the casting box at a high rate of speed and to prevent scattering and spattering of the molten metal Lvhile delivering it into the rotating casting In order to produce the desired result, use is made of a revoluble casting box provided on the inner face ofits rim with retaining means to cause'the molten metal to adhere to the said rim during the casting operation and while revolving the casting box at a high rate of speed. Use is also made of a delivery spout for delivering molten metal into the casting box, the said spout having its discharge opening extending in the direction in which the casting box is rotating, the delivery opening being in close proximity to the inner surface of the rim of the casting box.

A practical embodiment of the invention is represented in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the centrifugal casting machine;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the casting box shown in section;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of the same on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4. is a sectional plan view of the same on the line 44 of Fig. 3; I

Fig. 5 is an enlarged front elevation of the centrifugal casting machine with part shown in section;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross section of the same on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross section of the casting box with the spout shown in position for delivering molten metal to the casting box; and.

Fig. 8 is a sectional plan view of the W for instance, as a pulley 15 connected by a belt 16 with other machinery. The belt 16 is adapted to be tightened around the pulley 15 by a belt tightening'pulley 17 journaled in a lever 18 fulcrumed on the frame 10 and pivotally connected by a link 19 with a treadle 20 under the control of the operator standing in front of the machine. The shaft 12 is further provided with a brake wheel 21 engaged at its peripheral face by a brake band 22 fastened at its middle by suitable fastening means 23 to a bracket 24 attached to the mainframe 10, as plainly shown in Fig. 6. The free ends of the brake band 22 are pivotally connected with links 25 and 26, of which the link 25 is pivotally connected with the link 26, and the latter is connected by a link 27 with a treadle 28 fulcrumed on the frame 10 and under the control of the operator standing in front of the machine. The

treadles 20 and 28 are each pressed on by a spring 29 to normally hold the corresponding treadle in an uppermost position with -a view to hold the tightening pulley 17 normally in loose position relative to the belt 16 and to hold the brake band 22 in loose position relative to the brake wheel 21. When the treadles 20 and 28 are pressed downward by the operator then the belt 16 is tightened relative to the pulley 15 and the brake band 22 is moved into braking engagement with the brake wheel 21. The treadles 20 and 28 extend through an opening 30 formed in the front of the main frame 10, and the side walls of this opening 30 are provided with wedge-shaped shoulders 31 and 32 for the treadles 20 and 28 to snap under when pressed downward by stood that in starting the machine the treadle 20 is pressed downward to tighten the belt 16 relative to the pulley 15 to rotate the shaft 12 and the casting 'box 14, and when the casting of a ring is finished the operator releases the treadle 20 and presses the treadle 28 to cause the brake band 22 to brake the brake wheel 21 with a view to stop the rotation of the shaft .12 and the casting box 14 as quickly as possible.

The front open end of the casting box 14 is provided With a cover 40, preferably I hinged at 41 (see Fig.2) to the casting box 14 to allow of swinging the cover 40 into closed position prior to pouring the molten metal into the casting box and into open position after the ring is cast to alloW removal of the ring from the casting box 14.

' The cover 40' is provided with slotted brackets 42 adapted to be engaged by bolts 43 mounted to swing on brackets 44 attached to the peripheral face of the casting box 14 (see Fig. 1) to securely hold the cover 40 locked when in closed position and to allow of unlocking the cover by swinging the bolts 43 out of engagement with the brackets 42 Whenever it is desired to swing the cover 40 into open position.

' The inner surface of the rim 45 of the casting box 14 is roughened preferably by providing said inner surface with longitudinally extending ribs or teeth 46 to cause the molten metal to firmly adhere to the inner surface of the rim 45. The cover 40 is provided with a central opening 47 through whichis adapted to pass the free end of a delivery spout 50' designed to deliver the molten metal to the interior of the casting 'box 14 and in close proximity to the inner face'ofthe rim 45 and approximately tangential to said inner face and in the direction in which the casting box 14 is rotating, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 7. The body 51 of the delivery spout 50 is preferably made in the form of a trough and terminates in.a tubular delivery end 52, curved sidewise and downwardly and having its outlet opening 53' disposed'in close proximity with the inner face of the rim 45 and with the plane of the openmg approximately tangential to the inner face of the rim and with the opening extending in the direction inwhich the casting box 14 is running so that the molten metal is delivered by the spout .50 to the inner face raeaaos hence air pockets are not liable to form in the metal during the pouring of the casting operation.

within the casting box, and by the cotiperation of the ribs 46 the copper or other molten metal used has its grains compacted to a considerable extent to insure the production of cast rings of high tensile strength.

The delivery spout 50 is provided with a lining 54 of fire clay or other similar material and the outlet opening 53 is preferably formed in a separate plate 55 attached to the delivery end 52 of the spout 50. The

top of the delivery end 52 is preferably formed by a removable cover 56, as plainly shown in Figs. 2 and 7. body 51 of the delivery spout 50 is provided at the beginning end of the spout with a downwardly extending plate 58 (see Figs. 3 and 8) fitting between flanges 59 rising from a support 60 and between which the plate 58 is clamped by a clamping screw 61. A tapering pin 62 extends through the the spout in position on the support 60.

By the arrangement described the molten metal is not liable to be spatter-ed The bottom of the flanges 59 and the plate'58 to securely hold 7 By the arrangement described the spout 50 can be readily removed from the support 60 Whenever the spout requires relining or other repairs. The support 60 is mounted to swing in a vertical direction on a pivot 63 held at its ends in bearing plates 64 fastened by bolts 65 to standards 66 bolted or otherwise fastened to a base 67. The plates 64 are provided with slots 68 through which extend the bolts 65 to allow of adjusting the plates 64 in a vertical direction to raise or lower the pivot 63 with a view to correspondingly raise or lower the spout 50 to adjust the latter relative to the opening 47 in the cover 40 of the casting box 14 with a View to allow of readily passing the delivery end 52 of the spout through the said opening 47 into and out of the casting box 14. The rear free end of the support 60 rests on the upper end of a head 70 held vertically adjustable on the upper threaded end 71 of a rod 72 secured to the base 67. A nut 73 screws on the reduced portion 71 and on the nut rests the head 70. On screwing the nut 73 up or down the head 70 is correspondingly raised or lowered to hold the support 60 in the desired position.

The base 67 rests on and is mounted to 1,aee,aoa' a slide obliquely on a bed 80, and for this pur pose the underside of the base 67 is provided with a diagonally disposed tongue 81 engaging a correspondingly sha ed guideway 82 formed in the top of the ed 80. Bolts 83 are held on the bed 80 apd extend through slots 84 formed in the base 67 and disposed parallel to the tongues 81 to limit the oblique sliding movement of the base 67 on the bed 80 and to prevent upward movement of the base on the bed. The under side of the bed 80 is provided with rollers 85 mounted to travel on longitudinal guideways 86 formed on a plate 87 engaged by retaining plates 88 94 engaging at a time one of two apertures 95 and 96 formed in the top of the bracket 92 (see Fig. 4). When the pin 94 engages the extension 93 of the arm 90 and the aper ture 95 then the said arm extends sidewise at an angle to the longitudinal center of the machine (see Fig. 2) thus holding the spout 50 in pouring position relative to the casting box 14. When the pin 94 is withdrawn from the opening 95 and disengaged from the extension 93 of the arm 90 then the latter can be swung into longitudinal position relative to the casting box (see dotted lines in Fig. 4). The arm 90 is used only in this position when using small casting boxes, say of less than eight inches in diameter, and the spout has to enter the casting box in a straight longitudinal line instead of at an angle. This arrangement permits of sliding the bed 80 and with it the various parts supported thereby away from the casting box to disengage the spout from the casting box and to allow opening of the cover 40 for removal of the cast ring. The movement of the bed 80 toward the casting box 14 is limited by a stop or a locking bolt 100 mounted to slide up and down in a bearing 101 attached to the bed 80. The bolt 100 is provided with a handle 102 and is pressed on by a' spring 103 held within the bearing 101, as plainly shown in Fig. 3. The bolt 100 is adapted to engage an opening 104 formed in a plate 105 adjustably secured by bolts 106 to the plate 87, the bolts 106 passing through slots 107 formed in the plate 87. On unloosenin'g the bolts 106 the plate 105 can be readily adjusted in a longitudinal direction on the plate 87 to locate the aperture 104 in the proper position for engagement by the bolt 100. This adjustment is made to locate the terminal of the spout 50 in proper relation to the inner surface of the rim 45 of the casting box 14. When it is desired to withdraw the -spout from the casting box 14 the operator-lifts the handle 102 of the bolt'100 to disengage the latter from the aperture 104 and then the bed 80 is moved lengthwise on a plate 87 away from the casting box. The bolt 100 after being released travels on the plate 105 and the movement of the bed 80 in an outward direction is limited by astop 108 adapted to be engaged by the plate 105 attached to the arm 90. 'A stop screw 109 screws in a nut 110 held on the plate 87, and the said stop screw is adapted to be engaged by the forward edge of the bed 80 to limit the slid-' ing movement thereof toward the casting box 14. It is understood that the stop screw 109 coacts with the bolt 100 to hold the bed 80 against accidental sliding movement in either direction during the casting of the ring in the casting box 14, and the stop screw also relieves the bolt 100 of undue strain on moving the bed 80 toward the castingbox into final position. The outer end of. the swing arm 90 is provided with a leg '111 adapted to rest on the floor supporting the main frame 10 (see Figs. 1, 3 and 5).

The molten metal is preferably delivered to the delivery spout 50 by the use of a ladle 120 lflaving an outlet or a discharge spout 121 provided with transverse trunnions 122 engaging open bearings 123 formed on the upper ends of standards 124 adjustably secured by bolts 125 to the standards 66. The bolts 125 extend through slots 126 formed in the standards 124 to allow vertical adjustment of said standards 124 and consequent raising or lowering of the spout 121 of the ladle 120. By the arrangement described the ladle 120 can be readily tilted to pour the molten metal contained therein by way of the spout 121 into the delivery spout 50. Normally, the bottom of the ladle 120 rests on a head 130 held adjustable on the upper end of a rod 131 by the use of a nut 132 screwing on the said rod 131. The

rod 131 is fastened to the base 67 and is the same as the rod' 72 previously mentioned. One side of the ladle 120 is provided with a lug 135 for the application of a suitable tool to permit the operatorto readily swing the ladle into tilted position for pouring its molten contents into the delivery spout 50. The casting box 14 is arranged within a suitable hood 140 attached to the main frame 10 to protect the workmen during the time the casting machine is in use.

The operation is as follows:

When the several parts are in the position shown in the drawings, then the operator first presses the treadle 20 downward and locks the same in the shoulder 31 to tighten the belt 16 and thus cause the rotation of the pulley 15, the shaft 12 and the casting 60 I can be moved in four directions, namely,

box 14. -The delivery end 52 of the spout 50 is within the casting box 14 and the ladle 120 is filled with the molten metal and is now swung upward so that the molten metal passes into the spout 50 down which the molten metal flows into the revolving cast-.

ing box 14 in close proximity to the inner face of the rim 45. The molten metal readily adheres to the inner surface of the rim 45 owing to the ribs 46, and as the molten metal is delivered in close proximity to the inner face of the rim 45 it is not liable to spatter, and by sending the stream of molten metal in the direction in which the casting box is rotating it is evident that the grains of the molten metal are very efiiciently compacted to render the grains exceedingly dense and cohesive thus insuring the production of a casting of high tensile strength. It is .understood that the mass of molten metal contained in the ladle -80 is for the casting of a single ring of a desired thickness and width, the latter being governed by the width of the interior of the casting box 14. After the molten metal has been poured and hardened then the treadle 20 is released and the treadle 28 is pressed down- Ward by the operator to cause the brake band 22 to brake the wheel 21 with a view to quickly stop the rotation of the casting box 14. An oblique adjusting movement may be given to the base 67 on the bed 80, and a swinging movement may be given to the arm 90 to obtain a correct position of the spout ,when a smaller casting box is used. If necessary, aslight upward swinging movement is given to the spout support to cause the delivery end 52 of the spout 50 to pass out of the castin box 14 and to clear the opening 47 in the cover 40. A sliding movement in a longitudinal direction is now given to the bed 80 to move the latter and the spout and ladle supported thereby away from the casting box 14 to allow of opening the cover 40 and to subsequently remove the ring cast in the box. After this has been done the cover is again swung into closed position and locked to the front of the casting box 14. Meantime the ladle 120 is refilled with molten metal in any manner suitable to the plant in which the centrifugal casting machine is installed, and then the movement of the arm 90, the bed 80 and the base 67 is reversed to re locate the spout 50 and the ladle 120 in front of the casting box 14 with the delivery end 52 of the spout 50 extending within the casting box 14. The above described operation is then repeated.

It will be noticed that the delivery spout (1) swinging it u and down on the pivot 63, (2) movingit odily in an oblique direction on sliding the base 67 on the bed 80,

3) moving the latter and the parts carried thereby lengthwise on the guideways 86, and (4) swinging the guideways 86 and the parts carried thereby sidewise on imparting a swinging motion to the arm 90. Thus the delivery spout can be readily moved into proper position relative to the casting box 14 for pouring purposes and out ofengagement with the same for convenient and quick removal of the cast ring as above described.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. A centrifugal casting machine provided with a revoluble casting box having a rim, the inner face of which is'provided with minute, integral retaining means for the molten metal poured into the box.

2. A centrifugal casting machine provided with a revoluble casting box having a rim, the inner face of which is provided with minute, integral ribs extending approxiqronately parallel to the axis of the casting ox. I

3. In a centrifugal casting machine, a"

the axis of the casting box, and a delivery spout extending into the said box and having its discharge opening in a plane approximately tangential to the inner ribbed face of the said rim and in close proximity thereto to deliver molten metal to the said ribs in a tangential direction and in the direction in which the casting box is rotating.

5. Tn a centrifugal casting machine, a revoluble casting box having a cover provided with a central opening, a delivery spout having its forward end portion adapted to pass through the'said cover opening into the casting box, and obliquely movable supporting means on which the spout is mounted to swing up and down to allow of moving the discharge end of the spout through the said cover opening into the casting box and into close proximity to the inner face of the rim of the casting box.

6. In a centrifugal casting machine, a revoluble casting box having a rim and a cover at the front face of the rim, the cover being provided with a central opening, a delivery spout adapted to pass through the said cover opening into the casting box, the

- support on which the said spout --is mounted delivery'spout having a trough-like body extending outside of the casting box and open at the top for the reception of the molten metal, the said body having its forward end'curved sidewise and terminating in a downwardly extending tubular discharge end, the bottom of which extends approximately.tangentially to the inner face of the rim of the said casting box at the time the spout is in delivering posltion, a

to swing up and down, and a guideway on which the said support is mounted to slide, the guideway extending at an angle to the axis, of the casting box to allow moving the support and spout in a diagonal direction to pass the spout into and outof the castmg box.

In a centrifugal casting machine, a

revoluble casting box having a rim and a cover at the front face of the rim, the cover.

being provided with a central opening, a delivery-spout adapted to pass through the said covering opening into the casting box,

extending outside of the castin the delivery spout having a trough-like body box and open at the top for the reception of the molten metal, the said body having its forward end curved sidewise and terminating in a downwardly extending; tubular I dis charge end, the bottom of which extends ap-,.

. proximately tangentially to the inner'face of the rim of the said casting box at the time the spout is in delivering position, the said spout being provided with a depending flange, a support on which the said flange of the said spout body is removablysecured, a'base carrying standards on which the said support is mounted to swing upv and down,

and a bed mounted to slide in front of the said casting box and on which the saidsupport is mounted to slide obliquely.-

8. In a centrifugal casting machine, a

revoluble casting box'havingfa rim and acover at the front face of the rim, the cover being provided with a central opening, a delivery spout adapted to pass through the said covering opening into the casting box,

. the delivery spout having a trough-like body extending outside of the casting box and open at the top for the reception of the molten metal, the said body having itsforward end curved sidewise and terminating in a downwardly extending tubular dis-1 charge end, the bottom'of which extends approximately tangentially to the innerjface of the rim ofthe said casting box at the time the spout is in delivering position the said spout body being provided with a depending.

flange, a support on which the said flange of the said spoutbodyis removably secured,- a'

base carrying standards on]wh1ch the said support is mounted to swmg' up and down, a

bed mountedto slidein front of the delive open at the top for the reception of the molten metal, the said body having its forward end curved sidewise and terminating in a downwardly extending tubular discharge end, the bottom of which extends approximately tangentially to the inner face of the rim of the said casting box at the time the spout is in delivering position, the said spout body being provided with a depending flange, a support on which the said flange of the said spout body is removably secured, .a base carrying standards on which the said support is mounted to swing up and down, a bed mounted to slide in front of the said casting box and on which the said support is mounted to slide obliquely, an arm mounted to swing sidewise and on which the said bed is mounted to slide, and means locking the said arm in longitudinal or angular position relative to the axis of the casting box.

. 10. In a centrifugal casting machine, a

revoluble casting box having a rim and, a

cover at the front face of the rim, the cover being provided with a central opening, a delivery spout adapted to pass through the said covering opening into the. casting box,

the delivery spout having a trough-like body extending outside of the casting box and open at the top for the reception of the molten metal, the said body having its forward end curved sidewise and terminating a downwardly extending tubular dis charge end, the bottom of which extends approximately tangentially to the inner face of the rim of the said casting box atthe time the spout is in delivering position, the said spout body being provided with a depending flange, asupport on which the said flange of the said spout body is removably secured, a base carrying standards on which the said support is mounted to swing up and,

down, a-bed mounted to .slide in rout of the said casting box and on which the said support is mounted to slide obliquely, and a ladleadapted to contain the molten metal and pivoted on the-said standard adjacent the said open top of the delivery spout to allow of tilting the ladle and discharging the molten metal into the open top of the spout. V

11. n a centrifugal casting machineya revoluble casting .box having a and a of the rim of the said casting box at the time the spout is in delivering position, the said spout body being provided with a depending flange, a support provided with a horizontal pivot on which the flange of the said spout body is mounted to turn, a base carrying standards provided with vertically adjustable plates. supporting the said pivot, a bed mounted to slide longitudinally in front of the said casting box and on which the said base is mounted to slide obliquely,

and an arm mounted to swing sidewise and on which the said bed is mounted to slide longitudinally and with it the parts supported thereby to move the spout into position in front of the casting box or to one side thereof to allow of opening the casting 20x for the removal of the ring cast in the 12. In a casting machine, a casting box having a rim and a cover provided with a central opening, a spout having a troughlike body provided at its base end with a depending flange, the said body having a receiving opening at the top above the said flange, the forward portion of the body being adapted to pass through the said cover opening and being curved sidewise and terminating in a downwardly extending tubular discharge end provided with a delivery opening at the bottom extending in close proximity to the inner face of the rim at the time the spout is in pouring position, and means connected with the said spout flange to allow of swinging the spout up and down'and moving the spout obliquely transversely and longitudinally to move the spout into pouring position relative to the casting box or move it out of engagement with the casting box and to one side thereof to allow of opening the cover for the removal of the ring cast in the box.

In a casting machine, a casting box having a rim and a cover provided with a central opening, a spout having a trough body provided at its base end with a depending flange, the said body having a receiving opening at the top above the said flangeIi the forward portion-of the body being a apted-to pass through the said cover open ng and belng curved sidewise and terminatlng 1n a downwardly extending tubu lar discharge'end provided with a delivery naeaaos opening at the bottom extending in close proximity to the inner face of the rim at the time the spout is in pouring position, the said bottom of the discharge end being disposed approximately horizontally and rearwardly, and means connected with the said flange to allow of swinging the spout up and down and moving the spout bodily transversely and longitudinally to move the spout into pouring position relative to the casting box or move it out of engagement With the casting box and to one side thereof to allow of opening the cover for the removal of the ring cast in the box.

14. In a centrifugal casting machine, a

revoluble casting box-having a rim and a cover at the front face of the rim, the cover being provided'with a central opening, a delivery spout adapted to pass throu h the said cover opening into the casting ox, a mounting on which the said delivery spout is mounted to swing up and down and to slide bodily in a longitudinal and oblique direction relative to the axis of the said casting box, and a ladle mounted to swing up and down on the said mounting and adapted to discharge molten metal into the said delivery spout. A.

15. In a centrifugal casting machine, a revoluble casting box having a rim and a cover at the front face of the rim, the cover being provided with a central opening, a delivery spout-adapted to pass through the said cover opening into the casting box, a support on which the said delivery spout is mounted, a base provided with standards having vertically adjustable plates carrying a pivot on which the said support is mounted to slide obliquely, a guideway on which the said bed is mounted to slide longitudinally, and an arm mounted to swing horizontally and carrying the said guideway.

16. In a centrifugal casting machine, a revoluble casting box having a rim and a cover at the front face of the rim, the cover being provided with a central opening, a delivery spout adapted to pass throu h the said cover opening into the casting ox, a support on which the said delivery spout is mounted, a base provided with' standards having verticall adjustable plates carrying a pivot on whic the said support is mounted to swing, a bed on which the said base is mounted to slide obliquely, a guideway on which thesaid bed is mounted to slide longitudinally, an arm mounted to swing horizontally and carrying the said guideway, a

spring-pressed locking bolt mounted on thelivery spout adapted to; pass throughthe said cover openinginto-the casting box, a support on which the said delivery spout is -mounted, a base provided with standards having vertically adjustable plates carrying a pivot on which the said sup ort is mounted to swing, a bed on which t e said base is mounted to slide obliquely, a guideway on [which the'said bed is mounted'to slide longitudinally, an arm mounted to swing horizontally and carrying the said guideway, and a limiting screw on the said guideway and adapted to be engaged by the said base tolimit the sliding movement thereof toward the casting box.

18. In a centrifugal casting. machine, a revoluble casting box having a cover provided with an opening, a delivery spout having a forward delivery portion, a' ladle, and movable supporting means on which both the delivery spout and the ladle are mounted to allow of moving the discharge end of. the spout through the said cover opening into the casting box, and to allow of discharging the contents of the ladle into the said spout.-

19. In a centrifugal casting machine, a

revoluble casting box having a cover provided with a central opening, a delivery spout having a forward discharge end and a receiving portion at its rear end, a ladle adapted to contain molten metal, and movable supporting means on which the said delivery spout and the said ladle are mounted to swing up and downto allow of moving the said discharge end of the spout through the said cover opening into the cast-- GEORGE- O. CLARK. 

